Vaccines & Vaccination 

Biography

Biography: Jose-Luis Diaz-Ortega

Abstract

Measles was in the past one of the most important cause of infant mortality in developing countries. Mucosal immunization could be an important tool to achieve high immunization coverage in a shorter time and probably at a lower cost than the current injection, this alternative is particularly important, due the current reemergence of measles and the efforts to achieve the simultaneous elimination of measles and rubella in some countries of the world. Different randomized and controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of this procedure, with few exceptions, aerosolized vaccines of attenuated strains Edmonston Zagreb (EZ) of measles and the RA 27/3 of rubella, either in monovalent or combined presentation, have induced immune response equivalent or greater to that observed with injection in children at school age. Immune responses in infants have been inconsistent however some investigators have documented that increasing of exposure time to aerosolized EZ vaccine, induced an immune response equivalent to that observed in 9-month-old infants who received this vaccine by injection. In clinical trials performed in Mexico the immune response attributable to aerosol administration of the mumps strains Leningrad Zagreb and Jeryl Lynn have also been successful in school children and adults. Considering the successful experience for the booster immunization in school children with aerosolized vaccines containing viruses of measles and rubella, this procedure could be used in campaigns of second opportunity to achieve simultaneous elimination of measles and rubella.